The Incredible Science of Eggs: Ensuring Quality with Infrared Technology
Eggs are a powerhouse of nutrition and a staple in diets worldwide. However, because they are biological products protected by a fragile shell, ensuring their safety and quality is a complex task. From the farm to the processing plant, Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy is providing a high-tech solution to monitor everything from shell strength to internal freshness.
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1. Analyzing Internal Composition

Like other dairy and protein products, the nutritional value of an egg is defined by its protein and fat content.

  • Liquid Egg Products: For manufacturers of liquid or spray-dried eggs, Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is used to instantly measure moisture, fat, and protein levels.

  • Consistency in Baking: By ensuring the exact composition of egg products, industrial bakers can guarantee the texture and rise of their products every single time.

2. Eggshell Quality and Color

The shell is the first line of defense against contamination. A weak shell leads to breakage and potential bacterial entry.

  • Shell Strength: IR technology can analyze the mineral density and thickness of the eggshell, helping producers identify batches that might be at risk during transport.

  • Objective Color Grading: While consumers often have a preference for white or brown eggs, producers use IR devices to provide an objective measurement of shell color, ensuring uniformity in retail cartons.

3. Detecting Freshness and Defects

An egg’s internal structure changes as it ages. IR spectroscopy can "see" these changes through the shell.

  • Haugh Unit Prediction: The Haugh unit is the industry standard for egg freshness (measuring the height of the egg white). IR models can predict this value non-destructively, allowing for rapid sorting.

  • Blood Spot Detection: Advanced spectral imaging can detect internal defects like blood spots or "meat spots" that are unappealing to consumers, removing them from the line automatically.

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Closing the Loop on Food Science
With the conclusion of this series, it is clear that Infrared Spectroscopy has moved from a laboratory curiosity to an essential industrial tool. By replacing destructive, slow testing with light-speed spectral analysis, the food industry has effectively "finished" the discussion on how to balance high-speed production with uncompromising quality. From meat to eggs, the science is set: light is the future of food safety.
Source Information
Chapter: 15 — Eggs and Egg Products
Author: F. Schwägele
Book: Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control, Edited by Da-Wen Sun